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            Linux服务管理---系统运行级别、rpm启动与自启动、源码包的启动与自启动 | 
        
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        <ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#系统运行级别"><span class="post-toc-number">1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">系统运行级别</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#查看自启动状态"><span class="post-toc-number">2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">查看自启动状态</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#查看已启动的软件"><span class="post-toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">查看已启动的软件</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#rpm如何启动软件"><span class="post-toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">rpm如何启动软件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#设置自启动状态"><span class="post-toc-number">3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">设置自启动状态</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#源码包的自启动"><span class="post-toc-number">4.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">源码包的自启动</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#让源码包被service识别"><span class="post-toc-number">5.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">让源码包被service识别</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#让源码包的服务能被chkconfig-与ntsysv命令管理"><span class="post-toc-number">6.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">让源码包的服务能被chkconfig 与ntsysv命令管理</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#相关资料"><span class="post-toc-number">7.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">相关资料</span></a></li></ol>

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                Linux服务管理---系统运行级别、rpm启动与自启动、源码包的启动与自启动
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        <h1 id="系统运行级别"><a href="#系统运行级别" class="headerlink" title="系统运行级别"></a>系统运行级别</h1><ul>
<li>runlevel 查看运行级别</li>
<li>init num 设置运行级别<a id="more"></a>
</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">运行级别</th>
<th style="text-align:center">含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">0</td>
<td style="text-align:center">关机</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">1</td>
<td style="text-align:center">单用户模式，可以想象为安全模式，主要用户系统修复</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">2</td>
<td style="text-align:center">不完全的命令行模式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">3</td>
<td style="text-align:center">完全的命令行模式，标准字符界面</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">4</td>
<td style="text-align:center">系统保留</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">5</td>
<td style="text-align:center">图形模式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">6</td>
<td style="text-align:center">重启动</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]# init 3</div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]# runlevel</div><div class="line">5 3</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>修改默认运行级别传统方式是更改/etc/inittab文件。但是在Centos7中，该文件的内容：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"># inittab is no longer used when using systemd.</div><div class="line">#</div><div class="line"># ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.</div><div class="line">#</div><div class="line"># Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target</div><div class="line">#</div><div class="line"># systemd uses &apos;targets&apos; instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:</div><div class="line">#</div><div class="line"># multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3</div><div class="line"># graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5</div><div class="line">#</div><div class="line"># To view current default target, run:</div><div class="line"># systemctl get-default</div><div class="line">#</div><div class="line"># To set a default target, run:</div><div class="line"># systemctl set-default TARGET.target</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>表示该文件已经不起作用，可以使用命令方式修改：</p>
<ul>
<li>multi-user.target: runlevel 3</li>
<li>graphical.target:  runlevel 5</li>
</ul>
<p>使用 <code>systemctl get-default</code> 获取默认级别。使用 <code>systemctl set-default TARGET.target</code> 设置默认级别</p>
<p>获得默认运行级别<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost etc]# systemctl get-default</div><div class="line">graphical.target</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>设置默认运行级别为字符界面：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost etc]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target</div><div class="line">Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.</div><div class="line">Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h1 id="查看自启动状态"><a href="#查看自启动状态" class="headerlink" title="查看自启动状态"></a>查看自启动状态</h1><p><strong>chkconfig –list</strong><br>查看服务自启动状态,可以看到所有RPM包安装的服务</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --list</div><div class="line">NetworkManager 	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:启用	3:启用	4:启用	5:启用	6:关闭</div><div class="line">abrt-ccpp      	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:关闭	3:启用	4:关闭	5:启用	6:关闭</div><div class="line">abrtd          	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:关闭	3:启用	4:关闭	5:启用	6:关闭</div><div class="line">acpid          	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:启用	3:启用	4:启用	5:启用	6:关闭</div><div class="line">atd            	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:关闭	3:启用	4:启用	5:启用	6:关闭</div><div class="line">auditd         	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:启用	3:启用	4:启用	5:启用	6:关闭</div><div class="line">autofs         	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:关闭	3:启用	4:启用	5:启用	6:关闭</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="查看已启动的软件"><a href="#查看已启动的软件" class="headerlink" title="查看已启动的软件"></a>查看已启动的软件</h2><ul>
<li>netstat -an 查看所有端口，查看已连接端口</li>
<li>netstat -tulnp 查看已开启的监听状态的端口</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="rpm如何启动软件"><a href="#rpm如何启动软件" class="headerlink" title="rpm如何启动软件"></a>rpm如何启动软件</h2><ul>
<li><p>通过绝对路径启动（标准启动方式）</p>
<blockquote>
<p>/etc/init.d/httpd start<br>/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>service 命令启动（rethat系统专有命令）<br><code>service httpd start|stop|restart|status</code> </p>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="设置自启动状态"><a href="#设置自启动状态" class="headerlink" title="设置自启动状态"></a>设置自启动状态</h1><ul>
<li><strong>chkconfig [–level] [独立服务名] [on|off]</strong></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --level 2345  httpd on</div><div class="line">[root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --list | grep httpd</div><div class="line">httpd          	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:启用	3:启用	4:启用	5:启用	6:关闭</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>修改/etc/rc.d/rc.local 文件，系统启动时会最后执行文件中的内容，可以加上启动特定服务的命令。最后执行的文件。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">#!/bin/sh</div><div class="line">#</div><div class="line"># This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.</div><div class="line"># You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don&apos;t</div><div class="line"># want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">touch /var/lock/subsys/local</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"># 自启动命令</div><div class="line">/etc/init.d/httpd start</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>ntsysv [级别号] 图形化工具，作用和chkconfig相同。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>chkconfig 和 ntsysv 做出的更改会同步，但是在rc.local文件中做出的修改，在chkconfig中无法查看到</strong></p>
<h1 id="源码包的自启动"><a href="#源码包的自启动" class="headerlink" title="源码包的自启动"></a>源码包的自启动</h1><p>更改 <code>/etc/rc.d/rc.local</code> 文件，将启动命令追加到文件末尾即可。 <code>chkconfig</code> 命令不能识别源码包服务。</p>
<h1 id="让源码包被service识别"><a href="#让源码包被service识别" class="headerlink" title="让源码包被service识别"></a>让源码包被service识别</h1><p>将源码包的启动脚本复制到init.d目录下，改脚本需要能接受相关参数，比如start|stop等</p>
<h1 id="让源码包的服务能被chkconfig-与ntsysv命令管理"><a href="#让源码包的服务能被chkconfig-与ntsysv命令管理" class="headerlink" title="让源码包的服务能被chkconfig 与ntsysv命令管理"></a>让源码包的服务能被chkconfig 与ntsysv命令管理</h1><ul>
<li><p>在init.d 目录下的脚本中起始处添加 <code># chkconfig: 35 86 76</code></p>
<blockquote>
<p>chkconfig： 运行级别 启动顺序 关闭顺序 (/etc/rc3.d/)</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>在脚本中添加 <code># description: ..</code></p>
<blockquote>
<p>说明， 内容随意</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p><code>chkconfig --add 脚本名称</code> 将init.d下的启动脚本加入chkconfig到命令中</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="相关资料"><a href="#相关资料" class="headerlink" title="相关资料"></a>相关资料</h1><p><img src="http://otbrtx8bw.bkt.clouddn.com/linux-service.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p><a href="http://otbr0lg40.bkt.clouddn.com/Linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8.pdf" title="Tony老师的Linux服务列表" target="_blank" rel="external">Tony老师的Linux服务列表</a></p>

    

    
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